There are differences, the remote IP address, and thus the remote Result is identical, both IP addresses are in the same local network. Subnet, simply “ AND” both addresses with the netmask. To check if two IP addresses are in the same The same subnet, they need the address of a gateway that handles all the In the same subnet, they can reach each other directly. Netmasks are used to define the address range of a subnet. This simplifiesġ3.1.2 Netmasks and routing # Edit source Located at the end of the packet, not at the beginning. Illustrated in Figure 13.2, “TCP/IP Ethernet packet”. A sample TCP/IP data packet traveling over an Ethernet cable is Every layer attaches a smallīlock of data, called the protocol header, to the front of each emerging Regarding each layer must be saved in the data packet. If more data is transferred, more data packetsįor the layers to serve their designated functions, additional information The size of a TCP/IP packet is limited to this amount when theĭata is sent over an Ethernet. The maximum size of a data packet on an Ethernet is about fifteen Packets are normally quite smaller, as the network hardware can be a limitingįactor. The maximum size of a TCP/IP packet is approximately 64 KB. Transmit is collected into packets (it cannot be sentĪll at once). The data link and physical layers represent the physical networkĪlmost all hardware protocols work on a packet-oriented basis. The special functions of each layer are mostly implicit in theirĭescription. The uppermost layer, however, is almostĪ complete abstraction from the hardware. The diagram provides one or two examples for each layer. Is supported by the underlying hardware-dependent protocol, such as Ethernet.įigure 13.1: Simplified layer model for TCP/IP #
Guarantees, to a certain extent, security of the data transfer. On top of IP, TCP (transmission control protocol) The actual network layer is the insecure data transfer via Internet Group Management Protocol: This protocol controls machineĪs shown in Figure 13.1, “Simplified layer model for TCP/IP”, data exchange takes place inĭifferent layers. In addition, it provides a special echo mode that can be viewed The end user, but a special control protocol that issues error reports andĬan control the behavior of machines participating in TCP/IP data Internet Control Message Protocol: This is not a protocol for It features a smaller latency period than TCP. UDP is suitable for record-oriented applications. Order in which the data arrives at the recipient is not guaranteed andĭata loss is possible. Transmit is sent in the form of packets generated by the application. User Datagram Protocol: a connectionless, insecure protocol. Implemented wherever the data sequence matters. TCP determines whetherĪny data has been lost or jumbled during the transmission. Original data stream format it was initially sent. The dataĪrrives at the respective application on the destination host in the Theĭata to transmit is first sent by the application as a stream of data andĬonverted into the appropriate format by the operating system. Transmission Control Protocol: a connection-oriented secure protocol. Several protocols in the TCP/IP protocol family # TCP The operating system and its applications. That describe various Internet protocols and implementation procedures for NetworksĬombined by TCP/IP, comprising a worldwide network, are also called The protocols listed in Several protocols in the TCP/IP protocol familyĪre provided for exchanging data between two machines via TCP/IP. Single network protocol, but a family of network protocols that offer various Linux and other Unix operating systems use the TCP/IP protocol. 16 Dynamic kernel device management with udevġ3.1 IP addresses and routing 13.2 IPv6-the next generation Internet 13.3 Name resolution 13.4 Configuring a network connection with YaST 13.5 NetworkManager 13.6 Configuring a network connection manually 13.7 Basic router setup 13.8 Setting up bonding devices 13.9 Setting up team devices for Network Teaming 13.10 Software-defined networking with Open vSwitch.14 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface).11 journalctl: Query the systemd journal.8 32-bit and 64-bit applications in a 64-bit system environment.3 System recovery and snapshot management with Snapper.
#Opensuse route gateway software
2 Managing software with command line tools.
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